About Jesus     Steve Sweetman

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ch. 2:1-11   ch.2:12-24

Jesus Changes Water Into Wine (ch. 2:1-11)

 

In this section John tells the story about Jesus and His disciples being invited to a wedding at Cana in Galilee that took place on the “third day”.  The “third day” is two days after Jesus left for Galilee as seen in chapter 1 verse 46.  Jesus’ mother Mary was also there.  This turning of water into wine that took place here was the first miracle that Jesus performed, and is only mentioned here in John.   

 

We have no Biblical record of Jesus’ father Joseph being alive during the three years of Jesus’ ministry.  Why did John say Mary was at the wedding but there is no mention of Joseph being there?  We don’t know for sure.  Maybe Joseph was not alive at the time.

 

I’d like to comment on the town on Cana because it helps set the scene for this chapter.  Cana was a northern city in Galilee. It was a rough sort of town. It was not culturally refined.  It was nothing like Jerusalem.  Any child that had any kind of inclination towards religion would most likely be sent down to Jerusalem to get some good religious education. These types of young men were probably few and far between in Cana. 

 

With this in mind, you might well except what kind of wedding party took place here.  It was probably far from your nice Christian gathering.  There was most likely some rough and tough drinkers at this party, and drink they did.

 

Something else you might want to consider is the practice of Jewish men in those days.  When their wives gave birth, the husband really wanted a male baby to carry on the family line.  This was very important to these men.  If a girl baby was born, the custom was to fill a barrow of wine and put it away.  They’d do this every year until the girl was married.  Girls in these days could have been married as early as 13,14, 15.  So by the time the wedding day came the father could have had maybe 15 or more of these large barrows of wine to drink.  It is clear that there was a lot of drinking at these weddings. 

 

It is interesting to note that Jesus did not  think He should not attend the party because of this drinking in excess.              

 

Wedding feasts in these days were huge events normally lasting for a number of days.  At this point in the wedding feast the wine had all been drank.  Jesus’ mother mentions this to Jesus.  Why she did so is not clear.  Did she think that Jesus might be able to help out in this area?   We’re not sure.

 

In verse 4 Jesus couldn’t really understand why she asked Him either.  He said, “dear woman, why do you involve me”?  Jesus does not call Mary “dear mother”, but “dear woman”.  Jesus is now in His earthly ministry as the Son of God, the Messiah of Israel.  For this reason He now begins to call His mother “woman”.  Yes, she is still His earthly mother, but Jesus being the Son of God takes priority and Mary being a woman is more appropriate to the Son of God than she being His mother.  She was like any other woman in one respect.  She needed salvation and would find it in the same way as anyone else.  Yet we still see Jesus’ affection towards His mother. Though He calls her “woman”, He prefaces  it with the word ‘dear”. 

 

Jesus tells Mary “that His time has not yet come”.  What time is He speaking about?.  I am not quite sure of the answer.  One suggestion is that it is too early in the ministry of Jesus to start performing miracles. This event might have taken place before His temptation with the devil, and before His inauguration address at the synagogue. This is my guess.  Some suggest that the hour He was speaking about was His death, but I don’t see the relevance between His death and Mary’s request for help.

 

We don’t have the whole conversation between Jesus and Mary.  He has just told her that His time had not yet come, and now we see Mary telling the servants to do as Jesus tells them to do.  It is clear that Jesus agrees to help out but we don’t see Him saying this to Mary.

 

Years ago I heard someone say something about this verse where Mary tells the servant, “do what He tells you to do”.  When speaking to Catholics who esteem Mary much higher than Protestants one can say, “we always do what Mary tells us to do, and the last thing she has told us to do is to do whatever Jesus tells us to do”.  So in obeying Jesus, we are in turn obeying Mary, which should make our Catholic friends happy.

 

In verse 6 John states that there were six stone jars that could hold up to twenty to thirty gallons.  Jesus told the servants to fill the jars up with water.  The servants did as they were told and filled “them to the brim”, all the way to the top.

 

Jesus then told the servants to draw some of the water out and I’m sure to their amazement they had drawn wine and not water. 

 

Concerning these containers, these were actually containers used for ceremonial washing.  If for any of a number of reasons one would become unclean according to the Law of Moses, he would wash himself clean.  This act of washing in one of these containers was symbolic of being cleansed.  It is interesting to note that Jesus made wine in containers used for a sacred ritual.   Jesus turns water into wine, and that's a lot of wine, in ceremonial religious containers.  You'd think that would be sacrilege.  

 

When the master of the banquet tasted this wine he was surprised as well, though he did not know just where the wine had come from.  The point that the master of the feast makes is that most people bring out the good wine at the beginning of the feast, then when everyone has drank a lot, he brings out the cheap wine.  Why would people do this?  It is simple.  Because you want to impress people with good wine when they are in a state to appreciate it.  But when people have had a lot to drink and are somewhat influenced by the wine, there is no use wasting good wine on drunk people.

 

So the question is ,”was this wine that Jesus made, real wine, or grape juice”?  It was real wine.  If it was not real wine but grape juice the master of the feast would not have been so impressed.

 

Also, the Greek word translated as “wine” here is the word “oinos”.  “Oinos” implies fermentation.  When Paul says in Eph. 5:18, “don’t get drunk with wine”, “oinos” is used there as it is here.  Therefore one can get drunk by drinking “oinos” as Paul says in Eph. 5:18.  That means “oinos” is not grape juice.  It is real wine.

 

John says that this miracle was the first sign that Jesus performed in Cana and this “revealed His glory” and the disciples put their faith in Him.  The supernatural things that Jesus did expressed the glory and radiance of God that was found in Jesus.  These miracles in turn produced faith in people.  This faith means that they put their trust in Him.  As time went on the disciples would put more and more trust in Jesus.

 

Jesus Clears The Temple (ch. 2:12-24)

 

This section in John speaks of Jesus going to Jerusalem at the Passover and getting quite upset with those buying and selling in the Temple.

 

The question should be asked, ‘is this the same event that Luke speaks about in his gospel”? It is clear from Luke’s account that the Temple event that he speaks about took place in the last week of Jesus’ life.  The Temple cleansing that John is speaking about appears to have taken place early in Jesus’ three year ministry – probably the first year.  It is probable that Jesus went to Jerusalem for the Passover in each of his three years of ministry.  We clearly know that He was there for the first and third, and therefore we assume He went  to Jerusalem for the second year of His ministry as well.  That would only be the proper thing for a Jew to do, that is, to attend the Passover.

 

Verse 14 says that Jesus went “up to Jerusalem”.  Why does John say that He went up when in reality Jerusalem is down, that is, south of Galilee ?  Jerusalem is on a hill.  It was common practice for people to say they were going up to Jerusalem no matter what direction they were coming from since it was up in the sense of elevation.

 

In the Temple court Jesus noticed men selling cattle, sheep and doves,  Others were exchanging money.  This made Jesus quite upset so He took the time to actually make a whip that He used to drive the cattle and businessmen out of the Temple courts.  This might not look like the Jesus that the world portrays today, but it is the real Jesus.  Jesus got upset at times.

 

In verse 16 we read that Jesus was upset because these men had made “his Father’s house into a market place”.  The Temple was to be a place of worship, not a place of commerce.  We now know that in New Testament times God’s Temple is the church.  It seems to me that we ourselves, that is the church, have become a place of commerce as well.  We have copied the business world in how we run the affairs of the church.  This should never be.  I’m not speaking of selling books and tapes in a church building.  A church building is only a building.  It is not holy.  I have no problem with selling book and tapes in a church buildings. God does not live in our church buildings, but He does live in us, and when we commercialize ourselves and our ministries as we do, that is making God’s house a place of commerce and Jesus does not like that.  When I speak of us being commercialized I'm saying that we operate the body of Christ more like a business than what the New Testament teaches.  We're not a business.  We're a group of people who represent Jesus.

 

In verse 17 the disciples remembered the words of the Old Testament where it says, “the zeal for your house will consume me”.  Jesus had great zeal for the Old Testament Temple.  You must remember that these were still Old Testament times.  The Temple met something.  But for us, the Temple means nothing.  A building means nothing.  We are God’s Temple .  So the zeal for God’s Temple still consumes Jesus, but the Temple that consumes Him is us and not this Temple in Jerusalem.  If Jesus got so upset over the misuse of the Old Testament Temple, how much more upset and consumed must He be over any misuse of the New Testament Temple – that’s us, the church.

 

In verse 18 the Jews were quite upset with the actions of Jesus so they asked Him to show some kind of a sign to prove that He had authority to do such things in the Temple.  He certainly did not get the authority from the Jewish leaders to overthrow the tables of the money changers.

 

As usual Jesus answers their question with a statement that they can’t understand.  He told them that if they destroyed this temple, in three days He’d build it again.  Well this made no sense to the Jews.  They told Jesus that it took forty years to build this temple and He thought He could rebuild it in three days?  To the Jews Jesus made no sense at all.

 

Jesus was not speaking of the Temple that stood in front of them.  He spoke of the Temple of His body.  God lived in Jesus, so in the truest sense of the word, the real Temple now was Jesus and not the Temple of brick and mortar in Jerusalem. 

 

John said that the disciples remembered these words after Jesus rose from the dead and believed as a result.  Of course the disciples already believed.  But the remembering of these words made their trust and faith even stronger.  And so it is with prophecy, as this was.  It may be hard to understand before it comes to pass, but when it comes to pass, then we can look back and say, “amen – now I understand”.

 

During Jesus’ stay in Jerusalem He did many miracles.  As a result many people believed in Him.  John specifically says that Jesus “did not entrust Himself to those who believed”.  What does this mean?  Jesus gave Himself to His disciples, but He did not give Himself to the general public in the same way, to the same depth.  Why?  John says because Jesus knew the heart of man, and it wasn’t good.  In short, Jesus didn’t trust man. He never really fully trusted the crowds that followed Him. 

 

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