About Jesus   Steve Sweetman

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Chapters 19

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ch. 19:1-22    ch. 19:23-41   

Paul in Ephesus (ch. 19:1 - 22)

Luke begins to tell the story of Paul’s third missionary trip.  He does not sail as he often does but he takes an inland road and ends up in Ephesus.  I am sure that Paul has met up with many of his brothers in Jesus along the way to Ephesus but Luke does not record any of these events.

Luke begins with Paul’s arrival in Ephesus where he meets 12 men.  Here is the dialogue between Paul and these men.

Paul asks these men, “did you receive the Holy Spirit when you believed”?  They answered, "no, we have not even heard that there was a Holy Spirit":  Paul asked, "so what baptism did you receive"?  "John’s baptism", they replied.  Paul then replied, "John’s baptism was a baptism of repentance".  He told the people to believe in the one coming after him, that is, in Jesus'. On hearing this they were baptized into the name of the Lord Jesus.  When Paul placed his hands on them, the Holy Spirit came on them, and they spoke in tongues and prophesied”. (ch. 19:2 - 7)

This section of Scripture is important in Pentecostal circles.  It is one text they use to prove what they call the Baptism in the Holy Spirit, the “second work of grace”.  I use the term second work of grace because it is the term they use.  The first work of grace is initial salvation, that is to say, one’s conversion experience where one receives the Holy Spirit.  The second work of grace is this experienced called the Baptism in the Spirit where the Holy Spirit is poured out on a person who already has the Spirit, giving them the power to be true witnesses to Jesus.  Pentecostal teaching says that these 12 men received the baptism in the Spirit here and that in fact it was a second work of grace for them.  But was this really a second work of grace?  No, it wasn’t.  Let me explain.

There are a few variations of the Baptism in the Holy Spirit.  One variation is that it is a second work of grace, but you actually receive the Holy Spirit when you receive this second experience.  The first experience of initial salvation is when you believe only, not when you receive the Spirit. So with this understanding, you first believe, then at some future point you receive the Holy Spirit.  Is this what happened here?

Paul goes to Ephesus and finds 12 men. While talking with these men who appear to be brothers in Christ something is triggered  in his mind.  He thinks, “something is not right here”.  Paul realizes that there is something missing, and it had to do with the Holy Spirit, so he asks, “did you receive the Holy Spirit when you first believed”?  He is basically asking these men, “when you first became a Christian, or when you first started to believe in Jesus, did you receive the Holy Spirit at that time? 

Paul had to have thought that the Holy Spirit was the missing ingredient in these men’s lives.  He must have also thought that one should receive the Spirit when one first believes or else he would not have asked this question.  Some people might disagree with me on that point.  They might say that because Paul asked this question, it might be possible to believe in Jesus and then at some future date receive the Holy Spirit.  

These men reply by saying that they did not even know that there was any such thing called the Holy Spirit.  At this point things began to clear up in Paul’s mind.  He was now beginning to figure out the problem.  This very thing went through Aquila and Priscilla’s mind when they first met Apollos.

Paul thought to himself, “these men know nothing of the Spirit of God.  How can they be really born again then? (see Romans 8:9 – "he that has not the Spirit of God does not belong to God")   He then asks, “what baptism did you receive”?  Hopefully the answer to this question would clear up this mystery, and it did.  They said that they were baptized with John’s baptism.

With this answer came complete clarity in Paul’s mind.  “That’s it”, he thought.  These men only knew of John the Baptist.  Like Apollos, they did not even know that Jesus, the one John preached about, had already come and returned to Heaven in order for the Holy Spirit to come to the believers.  These men had not received what we would call a Christian baptism.  They were still in Old Testament days, even though New Testament times were in effect.  These men were still looking for Jesus to come.

So, were these men born again?  No.  Were they saved according to New Testament teaching that Paul would teach?  No. Did they have the Holy Spirit?  No.  Did they have a first experience that we could call conversion?  No. Ifs these men died, would they have gone to Heaven.  Most likely they would.  They did have faith, but their faith was placed in the Christ that would come, like all good Old Testament people.  But still, they did not have a New Testament conversion.  They were living as Old Testament people with a faith in the future Messiah.  

So Paul laid his hands on these men, and when he did, the Holy Spirit came on these men for the first time in their lives.  This experience was their conversion experience.  They were born again of the Spirit of God in this instance.  Was this a second work of grace?  No it wasn’t.  This was their first work of grace.  Therefore the second work of grace called the Baptism in the Spirit cannot be proved by this text because it is clearly not a second work of grace.  What Pentecostal teaching calls the Baptism in the Spirit was in fact their born again experience.  

These men were subsequently re-water baptized into the name of the Lord Jesus, not the name of John the Baptist.

Verse 8 tells us that Paul was back in the synagogue.  This time Luke says that he “spoke boldly for three months, arguing persuasively about the Kingdom of God ”.  We have seen Paul preach, teach, and reason.  Now we see him “arguing persuasively”.  The topic at hand was the Kingdom of God. 

Many people today would say that "arguing" has no place in the preaching of the gospel, but Paul must not have felt that way.  Under certain circumstances arguing might well be appropriate.  You can certainly see that Paul was convinced of what he was saying.  Many people aren't so convinced today, and that might be one reason why they wouldn't arguer a point.  Tolerance  for other viewpoints would be another reason.  

We have seen Paul preach and reason concerning Jesus being the Christ, but now we see him speaking about the Kingdom of God , a subject with a broader scope.  Of course Jesus would be the centre of such teaching since He is the King of the Kingdom.  Jesus is not only the Christ.  He is also the Lord.  A Lord, or King, has a kingdom over which He is Lord of.  Many books have been written on  the Kingdom of God.  The Kingdom is more than Heaven.

On the day of Pentecost in Acts 2 the Kingdom of God came to earth in a spiritual sense.  The arrival of the Holy Spirit into the lives of God’s people have brought this spiritual Kingdom to the earth.  Someday this now spiritual kingdom will become a physical kingdom when Jesus returns to earth as king, and especially as King of the Jews.  The Old Testament speaks of the Messiah returning to sit on the throne of David, and that is what Jesus will do when He returns to earth.  At that point, Israel will have the kingdom restored to them with Jesus as their king.    

If you remember, you will note that Jesus often said that the Kingdom of God is near you, or close at hand.  Why did He say that?  One reason might be that He is King of this Kingdom and when He was in the presence of people, they in turn were close at hand to the Kingdom of God.  Another answer might be that with the soon arrival of the outpouring of the Holy Spirit, the Kingdom of God would soon be coming to earth.

Once again many Jews rejected Paul’s teaching and once again Paul left the synagogue and went elsewhere to teach.  In this instance Luke says that he “took the disciples with him and had discussions daily in the lecture hall of Tyrannous”.

No one really knows who Tyrannous was. The lecture hall could have been a school where he taught.  It could have been a Greek school, or even possibly a Jewish place.  Again, we don’t know.  Whatever the case, Paul and the other believers separated themselves from their Jewish brothers and met by themselves.  This reminds me of what Paul told Timothy in 2 Tim. 3:5 when he said that some would hold to a form of godliness but deny the power of God.  Paul told Timothy to stay away from such people.

The opposition from certain Jews was not against Paul himself but to all who followed “the Way”.  We see the word “Way” again, as a name designated to those who followed Jesus.

The discussion, as Luke puts it, (not merely preaching) took place in this hall for two full years.  To date, this is the longest Paul had stayed anywhere.  Because of this length of time Luke says that Jews and Greeks who lived in the whole province of Asia got to hear the word of the Lord.  News must have spread concerning what Paul was teaching and people came from all over the province to hear him.  So every day Paul got to discuss, that means dialogue, to both Jews and Gentiles.  I point out the word “discuss” mainly because we often think of Paul, and others preaching the gospel.  Yes, there is a place for preaching, but there is also a real place for discussion.

Luke records that during these 2 years that extra ordinary miracles took place through Paul.  Aprons and handkerchiefs that he would touch were taken by others to sick people and they were healed, as well as demons being driven out of people.  Luke says that these were extra ordinary miracles.  Luke had seen miracles, but the ones taking place here in Ephesus were beyond the normal miracle.

Also during these 2 years Luke tells us that certain Jews were trying to cast out demons by saying, “in the name of Jesus, whom Paul preaches”.  These men did not understand what the name of Jesus meant.  The name of Jesus is more than a formula, more than words added to the end of a prayer.  We as Christians represent Jesus to those we meet.  We are in fact Jesus’ representatives.  This is what the name of Jesus means.  When we do anything in His name, we do it in the place of Jesus.  We do it for Jesus.  He has appointed us to represent Him.  Once again, this is what is meant by the term “in the name of Jesus”. 

These particular Jewish men were not representing Jesus when they were trying to cast out demons.  They were using the words, “in the name of Jesus as a formula, and it didn’t work, and it won’t work today.  It is sad to say but many Christians today do not understand what the “name of Jesus” is all about.  They use it at the end of a prayer, thinking that it has some special significance, when in fact it doesn’t.  You don’t have to end a prayer by saying, “in the name of Jesus”.

These men, 7 in all, tried to cast a demon out of a man using this formula and the spirit answered them by saying, “Jesus we know, and Paul we have heard of, but who are you”.  Then the demons, using the man’s body, jumped on all 7 men and beat them up.  They ran from the house where they were, naked and bleeding.  Suffice to say, we should take demon possession seriously.

In verse 17 Luke tells us that after this incident the name of Jesus was held in high regard.  The Kingdom of God had definitely come to the city of Ephesus in all of its power.  Luke says that the city was seized with fear.  I can’t remember the last time our city was seized with fear because of the great power of God that was seen in God’s people. 

Another result of the power of God was that many believers who had formerly practiced sorcery brought their sorcery books together and burned them in one big fire.  The value of these books were 50,000 drachmas, or roughly about $8,500.00. 

Luke says that “in this way the Word of the Lord spread”.  When people saw, and when they see today, acts of repenting, like the burning of these expensive books, they know the seriousness of one’s commitment to Jesus.  They in turn think seriously about making the same commitment.  If people don’t see any evidence of repentance in our lives, there is obviously no witness coming from us. Thus we hinder the spreading of the gospel by the way we live, by living as unrepentant people.

In verse 21 Paul decides that he will go to Jerusalem, via Macedonia and Achaia, which is in the opposite direction to Jerusalem.  Achaia is where Corinth is.  After Jerusalem he wanted to visit Rome , on his way to Spain.

Little did Paul know at this time that he would indeed reach Rome some day, but not as a free man, but as a prisoner.  Rome would be crucial to the gospel. It was the capital of the Roman empire and the gateway to points farther west.  Paul’s dream was to preach in Spain , but before he could get to Spain he would have to pass through Rome.  We don’t really know for sure that he ever reached Spain, although there is a good number of scholars who strongly believe he did reach Spain.

During his stay here in Ephesus is when Paul wrote his first letter to the Corinthian church.  1 Cor. 16:10 tells us that Paul delayed his trip to Corinth because a great effective door of ministry was opened to him.  He sent Timothy and Erasuts in his place until the time came when he felt he could leave. It was also during this time when Paul started the collection of money for the poor saints in Jerusalem. 

The Riot In Ephesus (ch. 19:23 - 44)

To date most, if not all of Paul’s opposition has come from the Jews, but this is about to change.  When Jews became Christians, they left the Mosaic Law for Jesus.  When pagan Gentiles became Christians they left their idol worship along with the wooden, stone, silver and gold idols.

There was a man named Demetrius who was a silversmith.  He made shrines for the goddess Artemis out of silver.  Luke tells us that he made a very good living from his occupation and had people working for him.  Because many pagans in Ephesus , and throughout Asia , as Demetrius puts it, became followers of Jesus, they had no need for idols and shrines of there old god Artemis.  This put a huge strain on his business's profit margin.  He was deeply distressed over this and got everyone in his business, and related trades together. 

Demetrius tells his cohorts that Paul preaches “that man-made gods are no gods at all”. (ch. 19:26)  The danger in this as Demetrius sees it is that first of all , their trade would loose its good name, and second of all that the goddess herself “would be robbed of her divine majesty”.

Verse 28 tells us that “when they heard this they were furious and began shouting; ‘great is Artemis of the Ephesians’.  Soon an uproar began.  Two of Paul’s travelling companions were seized and dragged into the theatre.  At this point Paul wanted to go into the theatre and speak to this mob, but the disciples which included some government officials begged him not to do so.

The theatre mentioned here was an amphitheater seating 20,000 people.  It was often used for very large gatherings.

Verse 32 tells us that this crowd was now in mass confusion.  There were many that did not even know why they were protesting. 

Luke then tells us in verse 33 that “the Jews pushed Alexander to the front…”  He was supposed to make some kind of defense on behalf of the Jews, but when the crowd found out that he was a Jew they shouted, “great is Artemis” for another 2 hours. 

We really don’t know who Alexander is.  We don’t know  whether he was a Christian or not. He was supposed to speak on behalf of “the Jews”, not necessarily the Christians.  Maybe it is possible that the Jews wanted to make sure that these pagan Ephesians knew that they had no part in what Paul was teaching.

In verse 35 the town clerk, a city official, gets up to address this unruly mob.  At once with the sight of his appearance the crowd settles down.  He re-assures the crowd that the whole world knows about the goddess Artemis and her statue that fell from heaven.  In actuality this statue was found, and they only presumed it fell from heaven where Zeus, another god, lived. What the town clerk was saying is that if you are really secure in your religious beliefs, you shouldn’t get all that upset.  He says that the reality of Artemis is “undeniable”, and if it is “undeniable” then she will look after you. Beyond this, the men that they dragged to the theatre had “not robbed the temple or blasphemed our goddess”. 

The city clerk then proceeded to state that this was not a legal assembly, and that there were legal procedures to follow if Demetrius wanted to press charges.  But if the crowd continued as they were, they would then be in danger of legal action against them.  They could be charged with causing a riot.  This settled the crowd and the mob dispersed. 

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