About Jesus    Steve Sweetman

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This Section - Chapter 22:30 and 23

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ch. 22:30-23:11    ch. 23:12-22    ch. 23:23-35

Before The Sanhedrin (ch. 22:30 – 23:11)

After taking the chains off Paul, the captain of the guards wanted to get to the bottom of this matter.  He wanted to know why the Jews wanted Paul dead, so he called the chief priest and the whole Sanhedrin together. 

Paul now gets a chance to defend himself before the Jewish Sanhedrin, the rulers of Israel.  Luke says that Paul looked “straight at the Sanhedrin”.  Possibly Paul was studying the faces of those he was talking to.  He might have known some of them from his pre-conversion days. 

He calls them brothers because they are fellow Jews, not because they are brothers in the Lord.

The first thing that Paul says is that he has “a good conscience” before God.  As far as Paul was concerned, he lived his life in a way that was pleasing to God, although those listening would question that point.

It is clear that the high priest did not agree with what Paul was saying.  One who did not obey the Mosaic Law as they understood it, and said that his conscience was clean was saying blasphemous words.  So the high priest ordered those standing by Paul to strike him on the mouth.  Paul’s mouth being the source of the blasphemy.

Did Paul actually get struck in the face?  I don’t think so.  The high priest ordered the strike, an order that had no lawful authority.  A matter of fact, if Paul had of been hit by someone, they could have been arrested for striking a Roman citizen, especially with the captain of the guards present.  This was most likely an emotional outburst of religious rage on the part of the high priest.

Before anyone had a chance to strike Paul, he replied quite quickly and with anger.  Most likely looking right at Annanias the high priest he says, “God will strike you, you white-washed wall”.  The actual Greek structure of this  sentence reads, “strike you will God do, you white-washed wall”.  The word “strike” coming first in the sentence.  Paul’s dramatic response is saying that the high priest will be the one to get struck, not him, and it will be by God Himself.  Furthermore by calling this man a “white-washed wall”, he is calling him a hypocrite, looking nice and clean on the outside but full of sin on the inside.  We see Paul here in a somewhat new light.  He is one that could stand up for himself when he thought it was necessary.  He could be very pointed in what he said, and even angry at times.  One might call this righteous anger, whether this was the case or not, Paul was upset and made it known by his response.

Yet Paul does not end with these words alone.  He continues, “you sit there to judge me according to the law, yet you yourself violate the law by commanding that I be struck”.  Even in Paul’s anger he had the composure of mind to be logical in his defense as he always was. Once again the hypocrisy of these men is exposed by Paul.

In verse 4 Luke records that the same men who were close to Paul, ready to strike him, told him that he had just spoken words of anger to God’s high priest.  This in fact was a sin.  Exod. 22:28 says that no one was allowed to curse, or say wrong against the ruler of your people even if he was in the wrong.

Some people feel that Paul apologized, not knowing that he was the high priest.  He quotes the verse from Exod. 22:28 by saying, “do not speak evil about the ruler of your people”.

Others feel that Paul was being sarcastic, because he really doesn’t say that he is sorry, thus he doesn’t really apologize.  You think Paul would have known that he  was talking to the high priest by the way he would have been dressed and where he was sitting.  Thus Paul might have actually been speaking sarcastically.        

Changing the subject, Paul knew that the Sanhedrin consisted of both Pharisees and Sadducess.  One of the big differences between these 2 groups was over the idea of the resurrection of the dead.  The Sadducees did not believe that there was life after death, while the Pharisees did.  Paul therefore makes the point that he was once a Pharisee, and the son of a Pharisee.  Then he tells his audience that the only reason he is on trial, although this was not an official trial, was because of his beliefs concerning the resurrection of the dead. 

I am sure that Paul knew what the result of these words would be.  The Sanhedrin was thus divided and they started to argue among themselves.  Some of the Pharisees got up in Paul’s defense and told the rest that they found no fault with Paul, even though they did not clearly understand Paul’s view of the resurrection, because their view and Paul’s view were not the same.  They both believed in life after death, but how you entered into that life was a different story, and Paul did not yet get to that point.

This dispute got so violent between the Pharisees and the Sadducees that the captain of the guard had to send his soldiers to get Paul.  He was afraid that Paul would be torn apart by the violence that he saw  taking place. So the soldiers took Paul back to the barracks.

Still in the barracks, the next night the Lord spoke to Paul.  He said, “Take courage!  As you have testified about me in Jerusalem so you must testify in Rome ”. (ch. 23:11) Paul knew that he was in God’s will.  He knew he would now go to Rome . Yet when he first wanted to visit Rome, he did not realize that it would be in chains. 

 

The Plot To Kill Paul  (ch. 23:12 - 22)

The Jews were so furious with Paul that 40 men got together and vowed that they would not eat or drink until they killed Paul.  They petitioned the Sanhedrin to ask the captain of the guards to bring Paul back to them for further questioning, and on the way they would attack Paul and kill him on the spot.

We do not know very much about Paul’s family but in verse 16 we learn that he has a sister and that sister has a son.  It was this son that somehow found out about this plot to kill Paul.  How he found out, we don’t know.  Upon hearing of the plan he went right to Paul and told him.

Once Paul heard this he asks one of the guards to take his sister’s son to the captain of the guards to inform him.

So the young man told the captain all that he knew concerning the plot to ambush Paul if the captain agreed to bring him back to the Sanhedrin.  The captain dismissed the young man and told him not to tell anyone that he had mentioned this plan to him.

 

Paul Transferred To Caesarea (ch. 23: 23 - 34)

After hearing of the plot to kill Paul the captain of the guards decided to send Paul to Caesarea to see Governor Felix.  Some believe that the captain of the guards, who we now know the name of, Claudius Lysias, went a little overboard in how he transferred Paul to Caesarea .  He sent a detachment of 200 soldiers, 70 horsemen, and 200 spearmen just to keep one man safe.

Felix was the governor of the whole territory around Jerusalem. Caesarea, where he resided was 70 miles from Jerusalem.  He was a man that was very cruel at times, not caring what anyone thought of him. 

Claudius sent a letter along with these men to Felix filling him in on the reason why Paul was being sent to him.  In the letter he stated that the Jews tried to kill Paul and so he arrested him.  After calling the Sanhedrin together to get to the bottom of things he still could not learn why the Jews wanted Paul dead.  It appeared to be a matter of Jewish Law.  Therefore, when he found out that Paul’s life was once again in danger because of a plot against him, he felt he should send him to Felix.  

The multitude of soldiers left at 9 PM and went 42 miles to Antipatris. (ch. 23:31)  At this point everyone returned to Jerusalem except the “cavalry”, meaning the 70 horsemen earlier mentioned.  These men took Paul the rest of the way toCaesarea.

Paul was delivered to Felix with the letter.  After reading the letter he learned that Paul was from the province of Cilicia.  He then decided to hear Paul’s case once his Jewish accusers arrived in town.

Felix needed to know what province Paul was from.  He was arrested in Jerusalem, in the province of Judea.  Paul was originally from the province of Cilicia which was under the rule of the province of Syria .  Depending on what Paul’s alleged crime was might mean  that he should be transferred to a Syrian court.

 

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