About Jesus     Steve Sweetman

 Home Page    

This Section - Chapters 12

Previous Section - Chapters 13

Next Section - Chapters 11

ch. 12:1-19    ch. 12:19-25

 

Peter’s Miraculous Escape From Prison (ch. 12:1 - 19)

Luke begins chapter 12 by saying, “it was about this time…”, meaning, the time when Agabus gave his prophecy.  During this time, King Herod arrested many in the church.  Herod was in fact King over all of  Palestine.  Don’t get confused with Herod being king of Palestine , and the emperor of the whole Roman Empire.  Herod was under the authority of the Roman Emperor.  Herod was king over Palestine, a Roman province or a territory.     

Herod died in the middle of 44 AD.  The famine prophesied by Agabus took place in the last half of 44 and first half of 45 AD.

Herod had actually had James, the brother of John, not James the brother of Jesus, killed.  Herod most likely wanted to persecute the church and kill Christians in order to cut down the  problems between Jews and Christians.  Any problem in his province would not be looked on with much favour in the eyes of the emperor.  Some of these kings lost jobs over mismanagement of their province, and Herod would not want that.   

In verse 3 Luke notes that when Herod saw that his actions pleased the Jews, he had Peter arrested as well.  Arresting Peter, one of the main leaders would really impress the Sanhedrin.  The Jews had always been a potential source of problems, and if Herod could keep the Jews happy by imprisoning Christians, he would do that.  Christians were a new group on the scene, so they had not been a traditional problem like the Jews.

This all happened during the Feast of Unleavened Bread, meaning the Passover.  The plan was that Peter was to be put in prison, then after the Passover, put on trial for all to see.

Verse 7 says that while Peter was in prison, “the church earnestly prayed for him”.  You will note that the early church was a group of people who did a lot of praying.  Of course, they needed all the help they could get from the Lord.  They were always under pressure.  That was one reason why they were strong.   

Luke says that the night before Peter’s trial, he was in prison, chained between two guards, with guards standing at the prison door.  He was well guarded, and well secured in prison.  Sometimes we view problems as being out of the will of God.  That's not always true.  It wasn't true in this case. 

Suddenly, in the middle of the night an angel appeared to Peter and “struck him on his side and woke him up”.  The angel told Peter to “get up”, while the chains fell off Peter’s wrists. 

This angel told Peter to get dressed.  Once Peter was ready, the angel led him out of the jail cell, past 2 sets of guards to a large iron gate that led to a street.  This iron gate opened for them and they left the premise and began walking down the city street.  Shortly after this, the angel disappeared.

This event tells us something about angels.  Angels aren't just spirit beings floating around in heaven.  When you see angels in Scripture, they're always doing something in relation to the earth.   As the first chapter of Hebrews says, angels are ministering spirits, sent from heaven to earth to perform some kind of task.  

Peter was somewhat beside himself at the appearance of this angel.  Luke records that he was not sure if he was seeing another vision, or this was the real thing.  Once finding himself free and on the city streets, he realized that another miracle from God had taken place in his life.

When this realization came to Peter he said, “Now I know (something we’ve heard Peter say before) without a doubt that the Lord has sent His angel and rescued me from the Herod’s clutches and everything the Jewish people were anticipating”. What were the Jews anticipating?  They were waiting for the trial and an execution of Peter.

Verse 12 tells us that once Peter understood what was happening to him, he went to the house of one called Mary, the mother of John. The John spoken of here is John Mark, the writer of the Gospel of Mark.  We see him later in verse 25 as well as in other parts of Acts.  Peter calls John Mark his son, as in spiritual son. (1 Pet. 5:13)  Mark was also a cousin to Barnabas and the Mary spoken of here was his mother. (see Col. 4:10)  Because Peter calls Mark his son, Peter might well have led him to Jesus.

Inside Mary’s home were “many people” who had gathered to pray.  Peter knocks on the door and a servant girl named Rhoda attends at the door.  This tells us that most likely Mary was financially secure because she had a servant.  She was most likely a widow, since the house was her’s, and not her husband’s.

Rhoda was so excited when hearing Peter’s voice that she immediately ran back to tell the others inside the house and failed to open the door for Peter.

The people told Rhoda that she was out of her mind, but after persisting, they said that what she heard must have been Peter's angel, or spirit.  These people apparently thought that Peter was already dead and that he had come back in spirit form.  Some Jewish tradition has it, (some Christian tradition also) that each of us has a “guardian angel”.  Some believe that this is what the people in the room were talking about. The idea of a guardian angel is not easily proven in Scripture.

Peter kept on knocking. Some people finally came to the door, and as Luke puts it, “were astonished” to see Peter standing there. 

It must have been quite a noisy affair because Peter had to “motion with his hands” to tell them to be quiet.  Even Peter could not raise his voice sufficiently to speak over the noise.  He then proceeded to “tell them how the Lord had brought him out of prison”. (ch. 12:17)

Peter specifically tells these people to relate this event to “James and the brothers”.  Who is “James and the other brothers”?  James is the brother of Jesus.  The “other brothers” could have been the elders of the church in Jerusalem.  James is centered out here because he was the leader of the church in Jerusalem.

After Stephen was killed, you remember that most of the Christians fled Jerusalem , accept for the 12 apostles.  The next wave of persecution came after Saul’s conversion, when he came back to Jerusalem causing a great commotion.  At this time the rest of the apostles left Jerusalem, apparently leaving James and other brothers in charge.

It therefore appears that apostolic authority in the Jerusalem church changed into authority  of elders.  That is to say, the 12 were the leaders of the Jerusalem church until they fled.  Then at some point, we don’t know when, elders were appointed.  It does appear that James could have been a lead elder, because he is singled out in this verse (James and the brothers), and also in chapter 15. 

One thing to note hear is that the idea of a lead elder among elders is not what Paul taught to the Gentile churches, but appears to be what was happening in the Jewish church in Jerusalem .  It is said that because James did not forsake his Jewishness to the same degree as Paul, he constructed his Jewish churches more along the line of the Jewish priesthood, that is, a body of priests, with one priest in charge of the others.  Once again, this is not what Paul taught to the Gentile churches.  He taught that church leadership consisted of a group of elders, with no one man in charge.

At this point we can sum up the evolution of the church to date.  In Acts 2 we see the 120, with the 12 in charge.  The church grows to 3000 on the day of Pentecost, and continues to grow.  In Acts 6 we have the addition of the 7 administrators, who some call deacons.  Then at some point, at least in the Jerusalem church the leadership changes from the 12 to James and the brothers, or elders. Was this a natural progression, or a planned progression?  I believe it was a natural progression, based on circumstances. 

If this was truly a natural progression, we can then ask ourselves, as we have before, is the church still naturally evolving, or was there a certain time in New Testament history when the church became what it was meant to be?  If so, we should be modeling our church after that church.  If not, we are free to model our church in a way that best fits our generation, with certain Scriptural limitations. For example, we would not be free to have a homosexual  church as some are contending today. 

I think concerning the Jerusalem church, that is, with it's body of elders in which one man rose as lead elder, that this might well have been a transitional situation.  The church was in the process of moving from a Jewish church to a mixed church.  So we still have some Jewishness seen in the Jerusalem church.     

Getting back to our text we see Peter “leaving for another place”.  Where Peter went we don’t know.  We do know what had happened to the guards that were watching him.  Roman law made guards responsible and liable for their prisoners.  Thus Herod had to kill these men.

The death of these guards is interesting.  Because the Lord caused Peter’s escape, resulting in men being killed.  You might conclude that innocent  lives were lost because of a miracle Jesus had performed.  Why would Jesus allow people to be killed because of something good He had done? 

The answer to this question might merely be speculation.  People often say, “if there is a good God, why are people dying for no good reason?”  You could ask a similar question here.  If Jesus is so good, why would He do anything that would cause the death of innocent men?  The only answer that I see at the moment is that when it comes to the gospel, the spreading of the gospel is more important than the lives of men. If this is true, then there is a great burden for the church to spread the good news of Jesus throughout the world.

There might be something else to think about here.  I can't see Peter being in prison and not preaching the gospel to these guards.  They might well have become Christian.  If that was the case, then their death is not a tragedy, at least in the eyes of God.  If they did not become Christian, but did in fact hear the gospel, then they had a chance to get saved, but refused.   That would take away the question of a good God doing not a not so good thing.  God would have given them the chance to be saved.

   

Herod’s Death  (ch. 12:19 - 25)

Luke records how King Herod passed away, most likely because of the nature of his death, and also because he had just been talking about him. 

Herod had gone to Caesarea to settle a dispute.  In verse 22 Luke records that the people who listened to Herod cried out, “this man  is the voice of a god, not a man”.  Luke then goes on to say that an angel of the Lord struck Herod dead, because he did not give glory to God in response to the people’s voices of praise for him. 

This event in history is an event where God intervened in the affairs of ordinary men, not Christian men and women.  We have seen the Lord involved miraculously in his people, but here He was miraculously involved in the life of a sinner.  People who are “Deist” believe that God created all things, then stepped back and let all things carry on in their own power.  They don’t believe that God interferes in the affairs of men and nature.  He only got the “ball rolling”, so to speak.  Yet this event tells a different story.  If you believe this story to be true, then you cannot be a Deist, because God definitely stepped into the affairs of man.

It doesn’t appear that God has stepped into the political affairs of other men and done something so drastic as He did with Herod.  Why He has not been so drastic with other, I can’t say. It may be that He has been more subtle in His approach to national leaders.  Maybe He has caused the fall of leaders in ways that cannot be easily attributed to Himself.  Nevertheless, if God felt so strongly in the case of Herod, we can certainly conclude that He could feel as strong with any other leader in history, including those of today. 

I do strongly believe that God does intervene in the affairs of men, leaders, and nations today.  That can be seen in Israel 's return to nationhood.  I believe that God works behind the scene all of the time.  Something that many Evangelical's don't think much about these days is that God is just as interested in nations as He is in individuals.  Since we've stressed personal salvation, we have tended to ignore the fact that God does deal with nations, and He will especially do so at the end of this age.       

In verse 24 Luke says, “but the Word of God continued to increase and spread”.  To me, Luke is saying that even though there is still great pressure against the church, the message had not been constrained.  The gospel was still being spread more rapidly than ever.  And such is the case.  The gospel has always been most active and successful in times of persecution.  The persecution itself brings more attention to the good news, resulting in people seeing that it must be worth something if people believe it is worth dying for.

I think the western church as gotten slack in these days because we haven't experienced the pressure as Peter did here in this chapter.  This is changing and will continue to change.  Yet, because of the freedom we've had, and I'd say it is because of the influence of the gospel on society, we have turned this freedom into a license to be worldly.  We are now beginning to pay for this.

This chapter closes with Luke telling us that Saul and Barnabas “completed their mission”, that is the delivery of funds to the Jewish Christians.  They returned to Tarsus from Jerusalem with John Mark. 

 

Next Section - Chapters 13

Previous Section - Chapters 11

 Home Page