About Jesus -  Steve Sweetman

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Chapter 1  

My Commentary On Paul's Letter
To The Galatians

ch. 1:1-5   ch.1:6-10  ch. 1:11-24

 

This commentary is based on the NIV translation of the Book of Galatians. Each section of this study corresponds with the sections found in the NIV, 1973 edition.

The People

Around 278 BC a group of people called the "Gauls" migrated from southern Europe to the Northern shores of what we know as Asia Miner, or modern day Turkey . In 232 BC their state became known as Galatia . In 25 BC Galatia became a Roman province. It is important to know that Galatia is not a city but a province. When Paul wrote this letter, he was writing to a number of churches in various cities within the province of Galatia .

The northern part of Galatia is where most of the Gauls lived, although they did live in the south as well. These people in the north were agriculturally orientated by occupation. The southern part of the province had a major east west road crossing through many cities along its path. This area in the south was the economic heart of Galatia , mainly due to this road that made for easy travel and commerce. There was also more than Gauls living in the southern region. Romans, Greeks and Jews could also be found in this more prosperous part of Galatia .

The Church

Most of the churches were found in the southern parts of Galatia , in the bigger cities. Luke, in Acts 18:23 says that Paul visited the disciples in the north. Because Luke says he visited disciples and not churches some suggest that there were fewer Christians in the north and therefore did not have established churches.

According to Kenneth Wuest in his commentary on Galatians, he says that Paul established churches roughly along the line of the Roman provinces. He would lead people to the Lord in the major cities, establish churches in those cities and then link them all with smaller churches that could be found along the road ways that connected these cities.

The churches of Galatia first consisted of Jewish Christians as a result of natural movement westward and also as a result of persecution from Jews in Israel . As a result of Paul’s trips through the region many Gentiles became Christian. These Gentiles did not have the same heritage the Jews had. The Jewish Christians still saw Jesus as the Messiah who would restore the nation of Israel to them, the Gentiles saw Jesus as the Lord who would bring salvation to the world.

We should take note of who the "judaizers" are as mentioned by Paul in this letter. These were Jewish people who claimed to be Christian, yet felt that Gentiles had to first become Jews and follow Jewish tradition before they could become Christians. These men were teaching that people had to obey the Law, and be circumcised in order to be made right with God. Paul’s letter to the Galatians is really a result of their attempt to steer the church back to Judaism, and away from faith in Jesus alone. They were in fact trying to mix Judaism with Christianity. This just doesn’t work. The gospel is not in addition to the Law, but the end of the Law. (Rom. 10:4) You will see how upset Paul was over this abuse of God’s grace.

Date and Authorship

Paul actually wrote this letter to the Galatians. As far as we know this is the only letter by Paul that he actually penned himself. He did not dictate the letter to someone else to write.

It seems uncertain to me just when Paul would have written this letter. Some say he wrote it around 48 or 49 AD, while others say around 56 AD. Whatever the case, it appears as if he did write this letter before he wrote the letter to the Romans.

Opening Remarks (ch. 1:1 – 5)

"Paul, an apostle" is how he opens his letter. He is basically stating the authority he has in writing this letter. Yet he doesn’t stop there. By definition, we know that the word "apostle" means "sent one". Paul goes on to say in verse one who did not send him and who actually did send him. Paul clearly says that he was "not sent from men, nor by man". Who then sent Paul? He says that "Jesus Christ and God the Father sent him" If we are to believe this, we then should take very seriously what Paul has to say. I am sure that Paul’s opposition would question his claim of being sent by God. But Paul is speaking to the Galatians and these people had already accepted Paul’s authenticity. He was just reminding them that he was indeed sent by God and not by man, so what he had to say was from God and was important.

The words "who raised Him from the dead", is an attempt to establish right at the beginning of this letter the fact of the resurrection of Jesus that is primary to our salvation.

Paul goes on to say "grace and peace be to you from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ". Paul is greeting these people on the behalf of God Himself, along with Jesus. Paul was a representative from God and was sent to deliver a message to these Galatians from Him..

You note in verse 2 that this letter is directed "to the churches". Once again, Paul wrote this letter to more than one church. 

We should view the word church here as a community of people who have given their lies to Jesus.  These aren't ecclesiastical or denominational organizations as we know them today.  We've come a long way since these days, and I believe our journey has led us away from New Testament thinking when it comes to church. 

In verse 4 Paul says that Jesus gave Himself for our sins for a specific reason. The reason is to "rescue us from this present evil age". Paul strongly felt that the age in which he lived was evil. I don’t think that things have changed for the better in our day. If Paul lived today, he most likely would feel our day and age is just as evil. The question can be asked to us today, "do we feel our present age is evil", if so, does this fact grip our hearts? My guess is that most of us know our age is evil, but it doesn’t really grip our hearts as it should. Peter, in Acts 2:40 exhorts his listeners to "save themselves from this corrupt generation". If we understand Romans 1 and 2 we will certainly realize that no matter what generation we live in, it is corrupt.

No Other Gospel (ch. 1:6 – 11)

"I am astonished that you are so quickly deserting the one who called you…" (ch. 1:6) The Greek word "thauma" means to wonder at, to marvel at, as to gaze into the sky with awe. I can just see Paul gazing into the sky above and scratching his head in amazement, wondering why these people are contemplating changing their minds concerning the Gospel of Christ that he preached to them. He just shook his head in astonishment and amazement.

"You are so quickly deserting…" (ch. 1:6) The verb tense shows that the Galatians hadn’t actually changed their minds as yet. They were in the process of changing their minds but had not fully completed the process. There was still hope for them.

Paul says that the Galatians were deserting the one who called them. They were not deserting Paul, the messenger who brought them this Good News. They were deserting God and Christ Jesus Himself. This is a major defection.

These people were turning to a different gospel. The Greek implies something that is not just different but something that is the opposite to what they had already accepted as truth. This was not a shift in thinking, a minor change on some points. This was a desertion to something altogether different. It was an altogether different gospel, although Paul has to say in verse 7 that this is actually "no gospel at all". The word gospel simply means "good news", and the so-called good news that they were in the process of believing was far from good news. It wasn’t good news at all. It wasn’t gospel. It was heresy. There is nothing good about working for your salvation when you already understood it to be free.

"Some people are throwing you into confusion and trying to pervert the gospel of Christ". Paul is speaking of the Judaizers. These men were teaching a good news of works, that is, in order to be saved you had to do certain things which was diametrically opposed to Paul’s gospel of trusting in Jesus alone. This was leading to confusion on the part of the Galatians. The Judaizers were perverting the gospel, as Paul puts it.

Paul tells the Galatians that even if we, or an angel from Heaven preach any other gospel other than the one he preached, "let him be eternally condemned". These are strong words. Paul was saying, even if I change my mind, and preach to you something different, let me go to hell for ever. The same would even apply to an angel. Paul meant business here. He was upset. He did not want to see his work go down the drain. Most of all, he did not want to see these people lose their salvation. For if a person who would teach another gospel would deserve eternal condemnation, then too would the person who accepts this false teaching deserve such a reward as hell.  To me, this suggests that one who is saved has the possibility of losing his salvation. 

Verse 10 says, "am I now trying to win the approval of men"? Certainly not. By speaking these words he would definitely lose the approval of many. He was trying to please God by preaching His Gospel.

Paul says that he was "not trying to please men". He was not saying this in an arrogant, or disobedient spirit. He was not trying to be a rugged individualist. His heart’s desire was to please God by serving man. Many times in today’s world we hear people repeating these words, but they are often doing so from a spirit of rebellion, not from a real spirit of wanting to please God.

There is a difference between pleasing man and serving man. Paul did not please men but he certainly served men. How did Paul give his life to God? He did so by serving men as he preached the good news to them. Paul went through exceeding great hardships in order to bring salvation to as many who would accept it. Paul was a true servant of God. The Greek word "doulos" means bond servant. Paul claimed to be a bond servant. A bond servant was one who chose to serve a master. He was allowed to go free if he wanted to, but he chose to stay and serve his master voluntarily. Paul chose to serve God by serving man, but he did not please man. He pleased God by serving man. 

The Bible often speaks about the "fear of the Lord".   Paul met Jesus on a road, and from that day onward, he had a healthy fear of God.   The fear of the Lord that the Bible talks about is more than reverence.  It is being afraid of God.  He is awesome.   

Paul Called by God (ch. 1:11 – 24 )

Paul, in this portion of chapter one is trying to make a strong point that his ministry and his revelation is very much independent from man, especially from the apostles in Jerusalem. He says in verse 11, "I want you to know". These are words of emphases. What does Paul want these people to know? "The gospel I preach is not from man". No man either spoke or taught him this gospel. He received it "by revelation from Jesus Christ". In verse 17 he makes this point again by saying, "I did not consult any man. I did not go up to Jerusalem to see those who were apostles before I was…"

Continuing on with the idea that his ministry came from Jesus and not from man, he says in verse 18 that after three years he went up to Jerusalem for only fifteen days, to get acquainted with Peter. While there he saw James, the brother of Jesus, and no one else. He says, " I lie not" (ch. 1:20) It is possible that there was some controversy over just who Paul saw in Jerusalem in those fifteen days. His emphatic words, "I lie not". was meant to end the discussion on this matter. He got acquainted with Peter, and only visited James. Paul said all of this to prove that he was not influenced by the apostles or anyone else. He was only influence by Jesus Christ Himself.

Back in verse 13 Paul reminds the Galatians of his former life in Judaism when he "violently persecuted the church". Note the adjective "violently". We do not have much specific information in the Bible to give us any specifics on how violent he was. We see him giving approval of Stephen’s murder in Acts 7. (Acts 8:1) Beyond this, Scripture is pretty silent. Maybe Paul did not want to glorify his past sinful life, so that is why we don’t read about his violence. We simply know that he "violently persecuted the church".

Paul’s goal as stated in verse 14 was to destroy the church. Both words, "persecuted" and "destroyed" are very strong words in the original text. The verb tense used by Paul is an ongoing action. That is to say, he continuously tried to persecute and destroy the church.

Also in verse 14 Paul says that "he was extremely zealous of the tradition of my ancestors". Paul’s use of adjectives such as "extremely" is not by accident. He is making his point very emphatically. Because he violently persecuted the church, he was saying that he was not influenced by any man in the church to become a Christian.

He says this clearly in verse 15. "But when God, who set me apart from birth, and called me by His grace, was pleased to reveal his Son in me so that I might preach Him among the Gentiles..." It was God Himself who called Paul to salvation, and not only to salvation, but also to be the apostle to the Gentile nations. He did not receive salvation as a result of Peter’s, or anyone else’s preaching. God Himself preached to Paul. As a matter of fact God had decided to call Paul long before He actually did. Paul claims that he was chosen by God from his mother’s womb.

After Paul’s conversion he went out into the deserts of Arabia , where it is thought that he learned from Jesus Himself this gospel that he was preaching. Paul had exceedingly great visions from God. Is it possible that while in Arabia he was caught up into the third heaven and saw great and unspeakable things? (2 Cor. 12)

After Paul left Peter in Jerusalem , he went to Syria and Cilicia . He did not stay in Judea . He was unknown by the Christians in Judea . He went to farther fields to preach, leaving Judea to the twelve apostles. The Christians in Judea only heard of his miraculous conversion and glorified God as a result.

 


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