About Jesus    Steve Sweetman

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Chapter 14 and 15

chapter  13  chapter  16

ch. 14:1 to 15:13     ch.15:14-22  ch. 15:23-32

The Weak And The Strong  (ch. 14:1 – 15:13)

“Accept him whose faith is weak, without passing judgment on disputable matters”.  What are these disputable matters that Paul is talking about in chapter 14 verse 1?  One disputable matter is eating meat.  In verse 2 to 4  Paul says that some eat everything, while others eat only vegetables.  Verse 5 speaks of some people esteeming one day being more sacred than another, while others consider all days alike.  In verse 21 Paul mentions the drinking of wine to be one of these disputable matters as well.  I am sure that you and I could add all sorts of things to this list.  The idea here is that there are some things that are not important enough to divide over.  The things that we should divide over are the essentials of the gospel.  That is, the truths that make up the gospel cannot be compromised.  Paul says this very clearly in Gal. 1:8. “But even if we or an angel from Heaven should preach a gospel other than the one we preached to you, let him be eternally condemned!”  These are pretty strong words, but we do not compromise the essential truths of the gospel.  Yet on secondary issues, non essential issues to salvation,  we should not divide over.  We should keep the unity of the Body of Christ.  You may debate secondary issues with great vigor, but you should not let these issues separate you from your brother. 

The difficulty in today’s world, as well as in the past, is that we have stress our distinct doctrines to such a degree that we have become exclusive and have separated ourselves from one another in the church.  Yes, I do believe Christians are exclusive and not inclusive.  We are exclusive to the world and to other religions.  We do not compromise the gospel.  But we are inclusive when it comes to others in the Body of Christ who may hold to a different way of thinking in the non essential doctrines.  Once again, essential doctrines are those doctrines that make up the gospel, that which is needed to bring salvation to a person.  End time teaching for example, is not essential to our salvation.  Believing in a pre-trib rapture, or a post-trib rapture, is not what makes us a Christian. That is, we do not have to believe in a pre-trib rapture in order to be saved.

Another aspect to “essential doctrines”, or those things that are “not disputable” are things that scripture clearly speaks about as being sin.  Such things are, getting drunk, committing adultery, and killing, among other such things. We cannot hold to our own thinking on these matters.  We must believe and do as the Bible teaches.  Paul, in 1 Cor. 5:9 says that we should not associate ourselves with a brother who is living immorally.  We can divide over such things as these. 

So there appear to be at least two types of indisputable matters, essential doctrines of salvation and clearly worded moral commands of Scripture.   We can, and at times are even told to divide over these issues.  Everything else is disputable, and therefore we cannot divide over.  

Paul says, “accept those who are weak in the faith”.  He means, “accept those who have a hard time trusting Jesus”.  It is interesting to note who the weak in faith really are.  Verse 2 says, “one man’s faith (or trust in Jesus) allows him to eat everything, but another man, whose faith is weak, eats only vegetables”.  The vegetarian is the one with weak faith.  Paul tells us not to pass judgment on him.  Even if he is a vegetarian, with weak faith, that faith is still directed to the Lord.  So also, the one weak in faith should not condemn the one who eats everything.  Each person will stand or fall in the face of his own Master, who is Jesus. (ch. 14:4)  “And he will stand”, says Paul, “for the Lord is able to make him stand”.  Paul is saying, trust Jesus for your brother.  Jesus is able to keep him.

Did you ever wonder how a Roman Vegetarian Christian might have felt after hearing these words.  Paul, who tells us not to pass judgment is making a judgment himself by telling these people they are weak in faith.

Many Christians feel that it is wrong to judge because of this verse and others.  That is not the case.  If we judge others, then we can expect others to judge us back in like fashion.  That is what Jesus is saying in Mat. 7:1 – 7.  Judging is not always a negative action.  We judge daily in many small areas.  For example, we go to the grocery store to buy onions.  We may squeeze them to make sure none are rotten.  We choose the best ones to buy.  We are making a judgment and decide from that judgment what onions to buy.  This may be what Paul is doing here.  He is surveying the situation and making a neutral judgment, although there is a good chance the Roman Vegetarian Christians did not feel that way after hearing his words.  What Paul tells the strong in faith to do is, “not to pass judgment” on the weak in faith .  I think what Paul is telling the strong in faith  not to think less of the man who does not eat meat.  Paul calls the vegetarian weak in faith, but he doesn’t think any less of the vegetarian. He is making a neutral judgment, not a negative judgment. He loves them just the same.

Some men consider one day sacred, while others consider all days sacred.  In verse 5 Paul says that each man must be “fully convinced” in his own mind what is right.  So there is nothing wrong with being fully convinced, or positively sure of what you believe is right.  Yet in these secondary issues, don’t pass judgment, don’t split over them, but still be “fully convinced” in your own mind.  There is nothing wrong with being fully convinced.  It is what Paul tells us to be. 

Whether we meat eat or drink wine, we do it to the Lord.  Whether we hold one day as important, or all days the same, we hold our opinions to the Lord.  As Paul says, “if we live, we live to the Lord.  If we die, we die to the Lord...we belong to the Lord”. (ch.14:8)  That is the key.  Whatever we do, we do in good conscience to the Lord Jesus.  If we drink wine, we thank Jesus for it and drink in His presence.  If we abstain from drinking wine, we thank Jesus for the cup of tea that is in our hand.

“For this very reason, Christ died and returned to life so that He might be both Lord of the dead and the living”. (ch. 14:9)  Paul says that there is no use in judging our brother in these matters.  Once again, we are talking about disputable matters.  There is a place for us to judge people.  Yet in these disputable matters, there is no place for judgment because we will all stand before the Lord one day and give account of our lives.  “Every knee will bow, and every tongue confess to God”. (ch. 14:11)

Paul goes on to say that we should not put a stumbling block in the way of our brother.  He is speaking of the unity of the Body of Christ here.  Our unity is based on our common faith and trust we have in Jesus.  It is not based on anything else.  It is definitely not based on non essential doctrines, no matter how convinced we are in our minds. 

In verse 14  Paul says that “he is fully convinced that there is no food that is unclean”.  We see here where Paul stands on the eating issue.  He can eat anything, therefore he would say that his faith is strong.  Yet he goes on to say that “if anyone considers anything to be unclean, to him it is unclean”. (ch. 14:14)  Paul may try to explain his liberty to his weak brother, but he will not condemn him for what he doesn’t eat.

“If your brother is distressed because of what you eat, you are no longer acting in love”.  (ch. 14:15)  He goes on to say in the next verse, “do not destroy your brother for whom Christ died”.  Also in verse 20 he says, “do not destroy the work of God”.  Eating meat or not eating meat, drinking wine or not drinking wine is not a big deal.  “Living in peace” (ch. 14:19) with one another is the main issue.  Besides, the Kingdom of God does not consist of these outward things. It consists of inner, spiritual things such as, “righteousness, peace, and joy in the Holy Spirit”. (ch. 14:17)

Before going further I need to define with more clarity what weak in faith means.  Paul is speaking about people’s consciences in this chapter.  If your conscience tells you that you should not drink wine, then Paul says that you are weak in faith, because your conscience is not lining up totally with what the gospel teaches.  If a person does not drink wine because he is a recovering alcoholic, his choice not to drink has nothing to do with his conscience. This man’s choice has everything to do with living a healthy lifestyle for himself.  Therefore he should not be considered weak in faith.  This man is most likely is very strong in faith.  The whole idea of weakness here is all about one’s conscience, and nothing else. 

Let me make another point concerning wine. If you don’t drink wine because you don’t like the taste, or simply choose not to, this  does not mean you are weak in faith either.  Your choice in this situation is not based on conscience. It is based on likes and dislikes.  You may also choose to be a vegetarian for reasons not based on conscience.  In this case, you too would not be classified as weak in faith.

Paul is using there three examples, eating meat, drinking wine, and Sabbath days because they were issues in his day.  We may have other issues in our day that could easily fall into this discussion.

Paul says in verse 20 that all food is clean.  There is no food that is unclean.  In the same context he affirms that drinking wine is not a sin.  If we do either, or anything else that causes a man to stumble or fall away from the Lord, this is wrong.  At this point we need to understand what the word “stumble” really means.  If I believe in drinking wine and another Christian is merely upset because I drink wine, is his being upset stumbling?  I don’t think so.  Many Christians are fully convinced that drinking wine is a horrible sin.  That is fine, according to what Paul is saying here in Romans 14.  Yet I can be equally convinced that drinking wine is okay.  That too is fine according to this chapter.  So if a strong Christian who doesn’t drink wine gets upset with me and doesn’t fall from the Lord, I don’t believe I have caused him to stumble.  I don’t need to stop drinking wine just because someone gets upset with me.  Simply being upset or maybe even indignant is not “stumbling”. 

On the other hand if I drink wine in front of a recovering alcoholic and he decides to drink, and as a result falls back into his alcoholism and in turn falls away from the Lord; I am causing that man to stumble.  This would be wrong.

Let me explain the process of stumbling. Our conscience plays an important role in the stumbling process.  Part of Christian growth is lining our conscience up with the Word of God.  This is a process and we are all in different places on this path.  Sometimes our conscience can make us feel as if we are doing wrong when in reality we aren’t.  For example, I have crossed the U.S Canada border many times.  The first number of times I felt guilty when talking with the immigration inspectors, even though I had nothing to feel guilty about.  The very presence of these people and the situation made me feel guilty.  That feeling went away after crossing the border a few times.  Our conscience is not always a true measure of what is right and what is wrong.  Therefore as time goes on in our lives as Christians, we need to align our conscience to God’s Word. 

In the opposite way our conscience can be misleading as well.  For example, someone might steal something and their conscience doesn’t condemn them for it.  Paul says that some peoples conscience’s is seared, as with a hot iron. (1 Tim. 4:2) Here too, the conscience needs to fall in line with God’s Word.

Paul is saying that a man who is weak, who doesn’t eat meat, if forced to eat meat, is going against his conscience.  When someone goes against their conscience, this presents a problem within them.  This can easily lead to confusion, misunderstanding and discouragement that could cause them to fall from faith.  Paul is saying that we should not put a brother in such a position as this.  Yet on the other hand Paul makes it very clear that there is nothing wrong with eating meat.  (ch. 14:14)  Paul would in quiet humility try to explain and even encourage the vegetarian that it is okay to eat meat.  But Paul would not force him to do so.  He would not push him in this matter.  Conscience play an important part in the stumbling process.       

Paul clearly says that all things are pure and clean when it comes to food.  He also says in verse 22 to have this liberty between yourself and God.  Paul is not telling us to stop drinking wine, nor is he telling us to be vegetarians.  He is saying not to make a public display of it in such a way that it would effect someone to fall away from the Lord.  The important thing is unity, and not destroying a man, or the work of God.

In verse 22 Paul says “blessed is the man who does not condemn himself for the things he approves”.  If we drink wine, and our drinking does not cause someone to stumble, then we are blessed.  Yet on the other hand, if you doubt while you drink your wine, then you’re drinking is not in faith.  Be fully convinced that what you are doing is right. 

A key verse that I have mentioned before is the latter half of verse 23,  “..and whatever is not done in faith is sin”.  You can drink wine in full confidence that you are doing right.  That is good.  If you drink wine but are full of doubt, you are doing wrong.  You are actually sinning.  This can apply to anything, not just eating and drinking.  Everything we do should be done from our faith in Jesus.  Anything that is not done from faith is sin.  Remember, faith is simply trusting in Jesus.  All our actions should be based on our trust in Jesus, based on the relationship we have with Him.  That is why I say, you can teach Sunday School and be sinning.  If you are not trusting Jesus as you teach, but depending on your own self effort, then that is sin.  This definitely broadens our definition of sin.  Using this definition, no one can escape.  We all have sinned.  We are all presently sinning in one way or another.  We pray as time goes by that this will change, and all that we do will be a result of our trust in Jesus, and not our own human effort.

In chapter 15:1 Paul says that, “we who are strong ought to bear with the failings of the weak”.  Once again, who are the strong, and who are the weak?  Paul counts himself as strong.  He eats all food and drinks wine.  It may seem hard to understand why Paul makes this judgment, but he does.  Yet after saying this, he tells us not to please ourselves, not to think of ourselves first.  He tells us “to please our neighbour”, please others, including the weak in faith.  This was the mission of Jesus Paul says.  His life was an example of pleasing others, first His Father, then His neighbour.  Who is our neighbour?  Whoever is with us at any given time.  It may be our wife or husband.  It may be a fellow worker. 

In chapter 15:5 Paul goes on to say, “May the God who gives endurance and encouragement, give you a spirit of unity among yourselves as you follow Christ Jesus, so that with one heart and one mouth you may glorify the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ”.  This is a hard verse.  The church has not been able to fulfill this as yet.  We have been divided and are presently in the process dividing even more. 

Paul says that “we should glorify God with  one heart and one mouth”  What does this mean?  Does this mean that we need to all believe the same thing, thus speaking the same thing?  I don’t think so.  Paul has already allowed for diversity in thinking when he said that each of us should be fully convinced in our own mind on secondary issues.   So I really don’t think he is telling us to always agree and think alike.  He says we should be unified in our hearts.  The Holy Spirit joins us together.  There is a heart-felt love and concern for one another, as we strive to please each other instead of ourselves.  He says that we should be unified in our mouth, or our speech.  If you take these words alone you will come to the conclusion that we all need to think alike so we can all say the same thing, and not be in disagreement.  If I, who am a drinker of wine, and my brother who is not a drinker of wine, can stand together and say, “we differ in our thinking concerning wine, yet we choose to walk together to further the cause of Christ”, I believe we are unified with our speech, even though we differ in our thinking.  I believe we can be unified in speech, differ in thinking, and walk together in unity. This is real unity. The problem is that this seldom happens.  

Therefore we need “to accept one another”.  (ch. 15:7)  Accepting one another in Paul’s day was difficult to do, as it is in our day.  The Jewish/Gentile problem still persisted in Rome as well as other parts of the Christian world.  In verse 8 Paul says that “Christ has become a servant of the Jews on behalf of God’s truth, to confirm the promises made to the patriarchs…”  What were these promises?  One part of these promises was that God would bless the “whole world” through Abraham.  This means the Gentiles would be brought into the family of God, and of course this took place as a result of Jesus and His act of grace.   It also means that at the end of this age, both Jesus and Israel will be a blessing to the world when Jesus rules from Jerusalem for one thousand years.

Verses 9 through 12 gives Old Testament Scriptures showing that the Gentiles indeed would become part of the great Abrahamic family called the family of God. Paul already spent three whole chapters dealing with this truth, yet he has a hard time getting away from it.  He just had to mention it again.

Paul ends this section by saying, “may the God of hope fill you with great joy and peace as you trust in Him”.  Of course, “trusting in Him” is the definition of faith.  As we trust Jesus, or have faith in Him, we will have joy, peace, hope, and the power of the Holy Spirit, in the midst of anything that comes our way.

Paul, The Minister To The Gentiles  (ch.15:14 – 22)

Here as Paul begins to end his letter to the Romans he re-asserts his ministry to the Gentiles.  His motivation and inward drive was to preach the gospel to the Gentiles “so that they might become an offering acceptable to God”. (ch. 15:16)  Paul is bringing back a memory from the Old Testament by using the word “offering”, yet the offering to God is not a lamb.  The offering  is a great nation of people consisting of Gentile Christians.  As in Romans 12:1, the New Testament offerings are living people, not dead animals. 

Paul starts verse 14 with the words “I myself”.  We have seen him use these words on a few other occasions earlier in his letter.  He uses these words for emphasis sake.  Paul is “convinced” that these Romans are full of goodness, complete in knowledge, and able to instruct others in the ways of God. This long letter  is merely “a reminder” of the truth they already knew. (ch. 15:15)  It is interesting that Paul would put forth such an effort to write all that we have just studied simply to remind these people of things they already knew.  Thank God he did.  Little did Paul know that he would be reminding us as well.  I believe that these very truths should be reminded to all of us from pulpits across the world.  Too often we spend more time on secondary issues than on the essential truths of the gospel as Paul sets forth in this letter..

Paul goes on to say that from Jerusalem onward, he has fully proclaimed the gospel of Christ, with signs and miracles by the power of the Holy Spirit.  He would not boast of anything other than what Jesus had accomplished through him. (ch. 15:17 –19)  Although Paul was a good debater and could obvious argue his points with clarity, he did not depend on his words alone.  He ministered to these people with the power of the Holy Spirit.

Paul was unable to visit these Romans because  “his ambition had been to preach the gospel where Christ has not yet been preached”. Therefore since there were already Christians in Rome ,  he waited for another time to visit  these people. Yet his desire was one day to come to them and be encourage by them in the Lord.   Many people feel that Peter actually beat Paul to Rome and preached the gospel there.                      

Paul’s Plan To Visit Rome (ch. 15:23 – 32)                                     

Paul had collected money from the Christians in Macedonia and Achaia for the Christian Jews in Jerusalem who were extremely poor due to Roman persecution. After giving these Jewish Christian’s their gift, Paul would work his way west once again.  He was hoping to visit Spain and preach the gospel there to those who had never heard.  On his way he would spend some time in Rome with the Christians there.  He would also hopefully receive financial support for his trip beyond Rome to Spain .

Paul asked the Romans to pray for him that he would be rescued from the unbelievers in Judea , and that this gift would be acceptable to the Christians there.  All of Paul’s prayers seemed to be answered but not necessarily as he might have expected.  The Jewish Christians did receive the gift joyfully. (Acts. 21:17 – 20)  Paul’s prayer concerning him being kept safe from the unbelievers did not get answered.  He was attacked by the Jews, causing a great riot in Jerusalem . As a result of the riot  Roman soldiers arrested Paul. (Acts 21:27 – 36)  Another part of Paul’s prayer did get answered.  He did end up in Rome , but as a prisoner, where he was in house arrest for two years. (Acts 28:16 + 30)  Some say that Paul was released from this house arrest in Rome and did make one more missionary trip to Spain as he hoped for.   They believe the letters to Timothy and Titus were written from Spain .  Others say he went back to Macedonia .  In  64 AD Paul was put to death by the Roman authorities.   

The Romans tortured and killed Christians.  Sometimes they would wrap them up in animals skins and feed them to dogs.  Sometimes they would burn them on poles, making human torches of them, giving light to their gardens in the evening.  Tradition holds with confidence that Paul was executed by the sword in 64 AD.

Concerning Nero, Emperor of Rome at the time, it is said that he may have caused the fire of Rome that spread through the city on July 18 and 19 of 64 AD.  If true, this is an example of the kind of man he was.  This was the man to whom Paul told the Christians to submit to in Romans 13:1  It is said that when he was out of town he had the city set on fire so he could rebuild it in his own way.  Approximately  one third of the city was next to destroyed, while another third was heavily damaged.  It is said that Paul was soon killed after this fire for his faith.      

 

chapter 13 

chapter 16

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