About Jesus   Steve Sweetman

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Chapters 20

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ch. 20:1-6    ch. 20:7-12    ch. 20:13-38

           Through Macedonia And Greece (ch. 20:1 - 6)

Luke tells us that after the uproar was over Paul decided to leave Ephesus and go to Macedonia.  Before leaving he called a gathering of the church, as seemed to be his custom, and encouraged them and said his good-bys.  He then went overland towards Macedonia and ended up in Corinth.  After staying there 3 months he decided to head back home to Syria via a ship.  Somehow he discovered a plot against his life and instead of sailing he went overland.

It appears that Luke and Paul went north to Philippi by road.  A number of other men, including Timothy sailed to Troas.  Paul and Luke met up with these men in Troas after the Feast of the Unleavened Bread.

From what we learn in Paul’s letters it was during this period of  time that he was in the process of collecting money for the poor saints in Jerusalem.  The other men who are listed here as Paul’s companions are most likely representatives from the larger churches that we know accompanied Paul with the money on the trip to Jerusalem.  Many, if not most of the churches that contributed money for this fund raising project went with Paul to Jerusalem simply to make Paul accountable.  This was probably a sizable amount of money.  It might have been for protection sake as well.

 

Eutychus Raised From The Dead In Troas   (ch.20:7 - 12)

In verse 7 Luke records that the church at  Troas met with Paul on “the first day of the week.  The next day, (our Monday) Paul left town.  This is the first mention of a gathering of Christians meeting on the first day of the week.  Was this something that was normally done in this infant church?  We cannot conclude for sure simply from this verse.  This was a special meeting of the church because Paul was to leave the next day.  So was this a special meeting, or was it a regular Sunday meeting that Paul happened to attend?  We don’t know for sure.

Some have concluded that the Gentile church, as early as these times regularly met on the first day of the week, that is our Sunday.  Jews had no special names for their days.  Those who hold to this point to a couple of Scriptures.  One is found in 1 Cor. 16:2 where Paul tells the Corinthians to lay aside money on the first day of the week, so that when he came to collect the money for the poor saints in Jerusalem that money would be ready for him.  This verse specifically says, “on the first day of the week, each one of you should set aside a sum of money…”  To me it is not clear if this is actually done in a meeting of the church.  To me this could easily suggest that each family lay aside, at home, some money, so that when Paul comes to town, they can give it to him.  But some suggest that this money was actually set aside in a gathering of the church.  The problem is, that the text does not clearly state this, although I can certainly see how one  would conclude this way of thinking from this verse.

Rev. 1:10 is another verse that people often use to suggest the early church gathered for Sunday meetings.  This is where John said that he was praying “on the Lord’s Day”.  The question then is asked, “what is the Lord’s Day”?  Once again we cannot conclusively know the answer for sure, but can pretty well guess.   It would either be the Jewish Sabbath, or the first day of the week, our Sunday, because this is when Jesus rose from the dead. (John 20:19)  I would guess that the Lord's day in John's mind would be our Sunday.

One thing we should note here is that John wrote Revelation around 85 to 95 AD, four or so decades after Paul met with these people here in Acts 20.  Things did evolved over that period of time.  The first day of the week might have meant little to these people but much to the Ephesians when John wrote Revelation.

To conclude, it is very possible that in this early stage of the church, the Christians, at least the Gentile Christians, gathered together on the first day of the week.  It is not conclusive, but it is possible.

We should note at this point that the New Testament does not command us anywhere to meet together for worship on any certain day of the week.  The Old Testament commanded the Jews to keep the Sabbath day holy.  That is our Saturday.  The word Sabbath means seventh.  But nowhere in the New Testament is there any hint of the Lord transferring the Jewish Sabbath to a Christian Sunday.

Paul in Rom. 14:5 suggests to us that some men understand some days to be holy while others don’t consider any specific day holy.  He tells his readers to be convinced in what they consider to be right.  On the other hand we should not use this type of difference to separate ourselves from each other.  We should also note that in the context, Paul felt that all days were the same, all days were holy.  In Col. 2:16 he tells his readers not to let others judge you over such issues.

Anyway, Paul and his company met with these people on this first day of the week to say his good-bys to them.  One of the main things these people did in this meeting was “to break bread”.  Most, but maybe not all, feel this breaking of bread is what we call communion, or the Lord’s Supper.

Luke tells us that Paul would leave the next day so he “talked on and on” well into the night.  Apparently not everyone could pay close attention, even to Paul’s speaking.  A young man named Eutychus was so tired that he fell asleep.  Unfortunately he was sitting in a window cell three floors up.  Upon falling asleep he fell out of the window to the ground and died.

When Paul saw what had happened he immediately stopped speaking and went down stairs and threw himself onto this young man.  By using the word “threw” we note that Paul was extremely concerned about Eutychus.  Luke doesn’t tell us if Paul actually prayed for the young man, only that Paul announced to everyone that he was alive.

The New Testament has no set formula for healing.  Sometimes a prayer is involved.  Sometimes a simple command is involved, (example – arise and walk)  It is quite possible that Paul said nothing, at least out loud in words that people could hear.  It is possible that this boy was healed simply from the touch of Paul.

After announcing that the young man was alive Paul went back upstairs and “broke bread and ate”, suggesting that they had communion and ate a meal at the same time.  Then Paul spoke until the morning light and finally left on his way, taking Eutychus home to his family, which made everyone rejoice in the fact that he was alive.

Because of the grammatical structure of this paragraph some suggest that the breaking of bread and a meal was eaten at the beginning of this gathering.  Yet some suggest, as it appears to be from a quick reading, that the breaking of bread and the meal did not take place until after mid-night, after Eutychus was healed.

Paul’s Farewell To The Ephesian Elders (ch. 20:13 - 38)

In verse 13 Luke says that “we sailed on to Assos”.  We meaning Luke and other of Paul’s companions.  Paul had arranged to walk on foot to Assos and meet his associates there.  The distance between Troas , where Paul spent the night speaking, to Assos is about 20 miles.

Why Paul chose to walk after being awake all night is not known.  The ship had to sail around a peninsula so in actuality the ship traveled more than 20 miles.

Over the next few days Paul and his company had sailed from one city to another, passing by Ephesus, since Paul was eager to arrive in Jerusalem before Pentecost.

Even though Paul did not want to take the time to visit Ephesus, where he spent 2 full years, he did want to see the elders of that church.  So from Miletus he sent for the elders of the church in Ephesus to come and visit him. (ch. 20:17)

What Paul has to say to these elders has always been especially touching to me.  You see the heart of Paul expressed in these words to these men.  He says, “You know how I lived the whole time I was with you, from the first day I came into the province of Asia.  I served the Lord with great humility and tears, although I was severely tested by the plots of the Jews.  You know that I have not hesitated to preach anything that would be helpful to you but have taught you publicly and from house to house.  I have declared to both Jews and Greeks that they must turn to God in repentance and have faith in our Lord Jesus Christ”. (ch. 20:18 - 21)

Paul said that "you must turn to God".  In Paul's mind people had no choice in this matter.  They had to turn to God or else reap the consequences.  This is far from the thinking that many Christians hold today with the influence of post-modernism and tolerance in the church.     

One thing to note in these verses is the humility Paul showed and the love for those who had turned to Jesus.  He says that he served the Lord in “tears”.  From what we know of Paul and from his travels, we know that he extended great energy in preaching and persuading people to turn to Jesus, and once turning to the Lord, he had great compassion for them.   It is clear in Paul’s second letter to the Corinthians that he cried over the fact that many of them were forsaking him and not extending care and love towards him as he did to them.  This hurt him badly.  We see from Paul’s letter to the Galatians that he cried over the fact that some who he led to Jesus were reverting back to a salvation based on the Law.  The simple fact is that Paul really cared for the people of God, something that most church leaders today should take a serious look at.  Too often in our modern church pastors have made a career out of pastoring, something not that different than any other career, but this was not the case with Paul.  Doing the work of the Lord was not a career choice for Paul.  It was a compulsion based on the love of Jesus and His command for Paul to serve Him.

We see that Paul preached publicly and from house to house.  He taught publicly in the synagogues as long as he could.  He taught in such places as the lecture hall of Tyrants.  He also taught in public squares and amphitheaters.  Then privately, he taught in houses of those who came to Jesus. 

What did Paul preach and teach?  He says that he taught that people must repent and turn to God.  But he did not leave it there.  Once repenting, he taught that one must have faith in “our Lord Jesus Christ”.  Faith is trust.  Paul taught that people need to first turn from their own ways of doing things and put full trust and confidence in our Lord Jesus Christ.  Note the use of the words God and Jesus. Paul says, “turn to God’, yet he specifies what God he is talking about when he says trust in Jesus”.  As Paul often says, the Christian God is the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ.  There is no other God.  This is one fundamental Biblical truth that is presently being challenged in the church.  It is a very destructive heresy.  

Paul continues to say in verse 22, “and now, compelled by the Spirit, I am going to Jerusalem , not knowing what will happen to me there.  I only know that in every city the Holy Spirit warns me that prison and hardships are facing me.  However I consider my life worth nothing to me, if only I may finish the race and complete the task the Lord Jesus has given me – the task of testifying to the gospel of God’s grace.”

We note here that Paul felt beyond a doubt that the Holy Spirit was leading him to go to Jerusalem , well knowing (by that same Spirit) that prison and hardships were waiting for him.  Yet knowing this well Paul says that his own life meant nothing to him.  He must do the will of the Lord no matter what, and God’s will was to give witness to the grace of God as  demonstrated in Jesus.  You can clearly see the driving force in Paul’s life was to preach the gospel and lead people to Jesus.  Nothing else really mattered to him, at least nothing of his own personal issues mattered to him.

Paul continues in verse 25, “now I know that none of you among whom I have gone about preaching the kingdom will ever see me again.”  Truly these are sad words.  I am sure that Paul was next to tears if not in tears as he says these words.  The elders are in tears as they listen to him.  They felt extremely sad concerning the idea of never seeing Paul again.  Paul knew deep in his heart that the time was drawing short for him and that chains were soon to come in his future.

He continues, “I declare to you today that I am innocent of the blood of all men, for I have not hesitated to proclaim to you the whole will of God.”  Paul understood more than most of us the issue of what is called “blood guiltiness”.  Paul felt that if he did not tell a person about Jesus, then that person’s blood, that person’s life for eternity was on his shoulders. He was responsible to help people enter into eternal life with Jesus, and if he carried out that task to the best of his ability, then he had fulfilled his responsibility. If people accept what he says, he rejoices.  If they reject what he says, then that is their choice and their problem, not Paul’s.  Paul worked hard and therefore felt that no man’s eternal destiny, or blood as he puts it, was on his shoulders.

I often wonder how many, if not most of us will feel, when we stand before Jesus knowing that we have missed so many opportunities to tell people about the eternal importance of our Lord Jesus Christ. 

In verse 28 Paul encourages the elders by saying, “keep watch over yourselves and all the flock of which the Holy Spirit has made you overseers.  Be shepherds of the church of God, which He bought with His own blood”.  Paul speaks to these men concerning their task of being pastors.  He says some key words here.  Paul has already acknowledged that these men are elders.  In this verse he also calls them overseers and shepherds.  All three of these titles are used for one in the same job.  The word “elder” by its very nature suggest a man who is older, or especially one who is mature in the things of the Lord. The word “overseer”  suggests part of the elder’s work, and that is to watch over the people of God, and to care for them.  The word “shepherd” also suggest part of the task of an elder.  A shepherd feeds the flock and also tends to their needs. 

The KJV and some other translations in various passages uses 2 other words to describe an elder, and they are pastor and bishop.  Out of these 5 different words, all for the same job, the word elder is most commonly used in the New Testament.  The words pastor and bishop are the least commonly used.  It is interesting to me that in today’s church we use the least commonly used of these words, that is, “pastor and bishop”.  The most commonly used  word, that is “elder”, we tend to use the least. Another thing to note is that many times when we do use the word elder, it is not with the same job description as seen in the New Testament.  That is to say,  modern day elders are not like the elders we see in the Bible.    

Why was Paul encouraging these elders to take care of God’s people?  One reason is that Jesus bought these people with His blood, as Paul says,  Another reason is seen in verse 29.  Paul says, “I know that after I leave, savage wolves will come in among you and will not spare the flock.  Even from your own number men will arise and distort the truth in order to draw away disciples after themselves.”  Look at Paul’s words.  Was he being a fatalist?  Was he showing lack of faith in the Lord?  He was telling these men that after he leaves false teachers would come in and try to mess things up.  And beyond that, some of the very men that Paul was talking to that day would have a change of heart and would distort the truth in order to have their own disciples.  Some of these very men in tears would soon find themselves on a power trip drawing people unto themselves, satisfying their own ego.

Some scholars suggest that the false teachers that Paul is speaking about here come in the next century that lead to the early stages of Catholicism and the paganization of the church that took place after Christianity became the legal religion of the Roman Empire in the fourth century.  Still, soon after Paul left, men began to teach false things to create their own following.  We still have men like this today.    

Paul continues, “so be on your guard!  Remember that for 3 years I never stopped warning you night and day in tears”. 

You might ask, “I thought Paul spent 2 years in Ephesus ”?  He did spend about 2 continuous years in Ephesus, but if you add up all the time from different trips it would have equaled about 3 years.

In verse 32 Paul says, “now I commend you to God and His grace”.  What else could Paul do?  He knew that problems were ahead for these men.  He knew that wolves would come into the flock to destroy it.  He could not always be there for these men, and the church in Ephesus , or any other church as  far as that goes.  He could only depend on the Lord Himself.  Often today I believe instead of depending on Jesus to look after the flock when we can’t, we depend on our modern technology, our  massive church structure, and other man made things.  Paul did his best, and beyond that he relied solely on the Holy Spirit.

Furthermore Paul says that it is this very grace of God that in the long run will “build you up”.  Once again, when it comes right down to the bottom line, it is the presence of the Holy Spirit in our lives that will keep us going in our faith.  If our faith is only in tact because of men propping it up, then it is no faith.  Fellowship is important for many reasons, but if our personal faith is not solid and maintained because of the Holy Spirit’s presence in our lives, then that faith will not last. Our faith should not be secured on our relationships with others, but on our relationship with God Himself.  We way to often emphasize personal relationships in the church to the neglect of the most important relationship we have.  When it comes right down to it, in the darkest times of our lives, we are often alone in the quietness of our hearts.  It is in these times that only Jesus can help us.  No man is present to help us.    

Relationships are important, but they shouldn't determine our faith.  Our faith should effect our relationships for the good.  Relationships can strengthen faith, but our faith isn't found in relationships.   

Paul goes on to say in verse 32 that this grace gives you a place in the inheritance of God’s set apart, or sanctified people.  We all as Christians have a place set aside for us, an inheritance that some day will be ours, that is, eternal life and all that comes with it.

Paul speaks of grace here.  There are two ways in which grace is used in the Bible.  One is God's unmerited favour He has towards us.  Two is the God given ability to do as He wants us to do.  It is this second way I believe Paul is speaking of here.  God's grace can pull these people through the tough days ahead, and only His grace can do this.  

Paul says that “I have not coveted anyone’s silver or gold or clothing.  You yourselves know that these hands of mine have supplied my own needs and the needs of my companions. We know that Paul was not financially rich.  We know that many times he lived in poverty, yet he did not covet his flocks silver, gold or clothing.  He in many cases did not even ask for financial support.  He supported himself by making tents, and not only himself, but those who were with him he also supported.  So many of Paul’s days were spent working and then preaching and teaching.  I wish more modern day Christian superstar leaders would have the same mentality as Paul. 

“In everything I did” Paul says, “I showed you that by this kind of hard work we must help the weak, remembering the words of the Lord Jesus Himself, ‘it is more blessed to give than to receive’”.  There it is, Paul’s motto he lived by.  Following in the steps of Jesus, he felt it was better to give of himself than ask to be supported.

You might note that there is no written record in the gospels that Jesus said these exact words, but I think we can all agree that Paul's words here do represent much of what Jesus said, and how he lived.  It might well be that Jesus did say these exact words, and they were passed down to Paul from men like Peter.  Paul wrote the first canonized book in the New Testament around 50 AD.  Before this the words of our Lord were passed from person to person in an oral tradition. 

Paul was now finished speaking to his friends.  They all knelt and prayed.  They hugged and kissed Paul.  They shed tears of sadness, and grieved greatly because they would never see his face again.  I am sure this was a very sad moment in time for all of those involved in this gathering.  Once everyone was somewhat composed, they accompanied Paul and his companions to the ship that would take them on their way.

 

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